It’s a guide about how to use hyphens wisely, not it’s a how-to-use-hyphens-wisely guide. In 2017, 3D and Walmart lost the hyphen. But when AP tweeted the guidance in August,  as Merrill Perlman wrote for CJR, it sparked “linguistic pandemonium.”, We updated our hyphen guidance this year to say no hyphen is needed in a compound modifier if the modifier is commonly recognized as one phrase, and if the meaning is clear and unambiguous without the hyphen. If the sheer number of hyphens in a phrase, or confusion about how to use them, can daunt either the writer or the reader, try rephrasing. Reply. Home / Uncategorized • Writing Guides / AP Style Quick Guide . Also, consult Webster’s New World College Dictionary. AP style… Although AP has rolled out a new hyphen-efficient model (and even back in 2007 the Shorter Oxford Dictionary went with a bunch of hyphen-saving improvements), the computer industry continues to spend hyphens profligately -- for example, using two at a time (!) While the AP Stylebook admits that there is not necessarily a standard way to use them, and that most instances come own to personal style or taste, it does say the fewer hyphens the better Hyphens (-) are used to connect two or more words (and numbers) into a … Words matter. Click the cover to order a copy of the 2019 AP Stylebook directly from AP.. AP Style Rules for Holiday Lingo, Time Zones, and Supreme Court Terms Rocky Parker / December 9, 2020 We know journalists are busy, and it can be difficult to keep up with recent AP Stylebook changes. Last week the AP updated its style guide and sorta-but-not-quite-killed the rule on hyphens: We updated our hyphen guidance this year to say no hyphen is needed in a compound modifier if the modifier is commonly recognized as one phrase, and if the meaning is clear and unambiguous without the hyphen. Patrick September 17, 2019 September 13, 2019 AP Style Grammar Punctuation 306 views 123RF The Associated Press recently released an update to its rules about using hyphens in writing. “Thanks to input from our users, we are reversing our decision to delete the hyphen from ‘first-quarter touchdown’ and ‘third-quarter earnings,’” AP Stylebook Editor Paula Froke told Poynter in an email. Why? AP style is simply a standardized way of writing everything from dates to street addresses to job titles. If it just adds clutter and distraction to the sentence, don’t use it. Other Common Style Rules • Time should be expressed as a figure followed by a.m. or p.m.: 8:33 p.m. You do not have to add other words (night, morning, and so on) to distinguish between day and night. style guidance, see our style guide or the AP Stylebook. AP Style Checking Tools, Plugins, and Apps. And if it is used in a quote, explain it. For example, the high school reunion will take place on May 14, 2024, in San Diego. Again. This video covers Associated Press style rules for use of semicolons. En Dash in AP Style. “That decision stands.”, And the AP Stylebook kept wording it has used previously that says “‘use of the hyphen is far from standardized’ and, as in the past, note that it can be ‘a matter of taste, judgment and style sense.’ Then, as in the past, we proceed to give many examples of when hyphens are indeed necessary.”. She can be reached at khare@poynter.org or on Twitter, @kristenhare. AP: Short year spans within about 10 years: best to use 1992-96 but fine to use 1992-1996 Repeat all digits for all other numbers (not a strict rule, use your discretion.) AVOID AMBIGUITY: Use a hyphen whenever ambiguity would result if it were omitted. . The park is for recreation. Check out this primer. AP Style tip: hyphenate part-time when used as a compound modifier: She works part time. Therefore write 12 mm focal length. In this post, we explain: The basic date format recommended in AP style. Examples include, third grade teacher, chocolate chip cookie, special effects embellishment, climate change report, public land management, real estate transaction. Biden's deputy press secretary threatened a reporter who asked about his relationship with another reporter. “The fact that our users are so invested is invaluable to us,” Froke said. Because readers expect -ly words or very … The answers follow in the last section of this book. We use The Associated Press Stylebook for our published content. 7 Top Tips for Using Dates in AP Style. AP Style has a funny little way of sneaking into your ear and whispering sweet nothings like, “Didn’t I teach you better than to leave street designations unabbreviated?” Ah, yes, the familiar panic of poring over your article to make sure hyphens are correctly placed and quotes are well-attributed. With COVID-19 absolutely dominating the news cycle and probably factoring into your writing in one way or another, it’s important to know the style guide rules around it. Fortunately, there are several tools and plugins on the market that can help. With these AP style colon rules in mind, knowing how and when to use a colon in AP style should be much easier. AP: Short year spans within about 10 years: best to use 1992-96 but fine to use 1992-1996 Repeat all digits for all other numbers (not a strict rule, use your discretion.) AP Style Quick Guide. Here’s what it found. In a March Stylebook update, Froke said, the AP noted the difference between commonly recognized noun phrases and compound modifiers in phrases. “… No hyphen is needed in ‘first grade student,’ just as no hyphen is needed in ‘high school student,’” Froke said. Here are some worth checking out: AP Style Dates and Times (WordPress Plugin) RELATED READING: AP says the percentage sign now OK when used with a numeral. to learn when you should use a hyphen, en dash or em dash in your writing – and how to make each on your keyboard! We have seen what 2020 has done to the news cycle, spurring stories on everything from a global pandemic to the recent protests and unrest on race relations in this country. Do use a hyphen if it’s needed to make the meaning clear and avoid unintended meanings: small-business owner, better-qualified candidate, little-known song, French-speaking people, free-thinking philosophy, loose-knit group, low-income workers, never-published guidance, self-driving car, bases-loaded triple, one-way street, (Think of the different possible meanings or confusion if the hyphen is removed in each of those examples. — AP Stylebook (@APStylebook) February 26, 2020. Colon Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun or the start of a complete sentence. Deeper details En dashes vs. hyphens. Conversely, the words the, a, and an normally appear … Overview This guide helps University communicators follow a style that is consistent and appropriate for print and online materials written for and about the University. If you’ve spent any amount of time with AP style in your PR career, these are going to take some getting used to. In addition, see individual entries in this book and in Webster’s New World College Dictionary. Deeper details En dashes vs. hyphens. “We agree that, for instance, ‘first-half run’ should be hyphenated. Votes: The bill was defeated by a vote of 6 to 4.-but-The bill was defeated by a two-vote margin. naps. Your guide to AP style usage is a great compilation of the most common errors made by experienced and inexperienced writers alike. As of Wednesday, the AP changed some wording that was part of the hyphen entry’s introduction for years: “Specifically, we are deleting the long-standing guidance that hyphen use is ‘optional in most cases’ and that ‘the fewer hyphens the better.’ That wording did not reflect the reality of the rest of the entry, or of our actual practice,” Froke said. In AP Style, -ly words (mostly adverbs) and very don't get hyphens as compound modifiers. Despite its new age of frequent tweaks, the AP Stylebook still presents as rather prim, and that’s part of what many style geeks (like me) like about it. Disinterested means impartial. Chicago style: Always use an en dash –, not a hyphen -, with a number span. AP Stylebook, 55th Edition (spiral-bound print) Published in 2020, the 55th edition of The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law includes more than 200 new or revised entries, with chapters covering data journalism, business, religion and sports terms, as well as media law, news See also AP Style Times, AP Style Time Sequences, and Is Noon AM or PM? Hyphens are used in writing to avoid confusion. For example, we all know that hyphens connect modifying words, but sometimes it is unclear when the terms modify each other. RELATED TRAINING: Sweat this, not that: Real rules vs. … 150 multiple-choice questions will test your overall knowledge of the AP style, including some of its most frequently used conventions regarding numbers, dates, abbreviations, etc. Chicago style: Always use an en dash –, not a hyphen -, with a number span. He re-covered the leaky roof. She has a part-time job. Words matter. Desert is an arid land with sparse vegetation. hyphens (even shorter ones) ... 2020 - 12:20pm . One example is first quarter touchdown. Hyphen, en dash, em dash, short dash, long dash, thick dash – figuring out what to call that minus-like punctuation mark, which seems to vary in length depending on the circumstances, can be difficult. Also: He recovered his health. Dessert is a sweet treat. Often there’s not one absolute answer. Copyright © 2020 Aps Style Manual | All Rights Reserved. When a month is used with a specific date, abbreviate only Jan., Feb., Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., and Dec. All other months should always be completely spelled out.Also, all months should be spelled out when they stand alone or are alone with a year. ... AP Stylebook seems to agree with you. Last week the AP updated its style guide and sorta-but-not-quite-killed the rule on hyphens: We updated our hyphen guidance this year to say no hyphen is needed in a compound modifier if the modifier is commonly recognized as one phrase, and if the meaning is clear and unambiguous without the hyphen. AP style: Use a hyphen with a number span. But how should you write dates in AP style? Another big shift came in March when the AP announced the percent sign was OK when used with a numeral. How to Write University and College Names as Abbreviations in Sentences. No hyphen is needed when such terms are used as modifiers if the meaning is clear and unambiguous without the hyphen. A Philadelphia Inquirer headline sparked outrage — and a newsroom audit. Spell out: At the start of a sentence: Fifty years was a long time to wait. He re-covered the leaky roof. Sometimes, it seems like if you ask three different people, you’ll get three different answers. I'll say it again. Use of the hyphen is far from standardized. “To correct one misperception: The updates we announced in March did not call for fewer hyphens or no hyphens in compound modifiers,” Froke said. Uninterested means a person lacks interest. In 2017, the stylebook accepted “singular they” as a non-gendered pronoun. AP style guidelines for hyphen usage. The words the, a, and an (which are formally called articles) are not typically used in front of university and college abbreviations serving as place names, even if you would use the word the in front of the full name.. Bartholomew graduated from IVCC in 2018. Plus, the Navy is considering making vaccines mandatory, how vaccine rules affect Black Americans, and more. When in doubt about hyphens, refer to your preferred style source (including ours) or consult an online dictionary. There were so many good reminders, it was difficult to choose a few to highlight here. by Chelsea Lee. . Kristen Hare covers the people and business of local news and is the editor of Locally at Poynter. She previously worked as a staff writer…. Every reputable news story has one thing in common: AP style. Write Measurements, Proper Names, and Organization Names Correctly in AP Style. Pop Quiz. Click here if you’d like to freshen up on some more AP Style rules. You know the ones — they make writers’ eyes twitch when they see the wrong one being used. In AP Style you should capitalize the names of months in all of their uses. The story is a re-creation. This video covers Associated Press style rules for use of semicolons. Words matter. A hyphen is usually used in APA Style when two or more words modify a common noun (and that noun comes after the modifiers), for example, 7-point scale or client-centered counseling.When multiple modifiers have a common base, the base can be omitted in all except the last modifier, but the hyphens should be retained. Associated Press (AP) style is the go-to English style and usage guide for journalism and news writing, such as magazines and newspapers. The only exception is years. Let’s get started. Chicago style: The ellipsis consists of three periods with spaces before and after each one. AP Style tip: A tweeter asked why early morning isn't hyphenated. Use noon or midnight rather than 12 p.m. or 12 a.m. • Use hyphens to link all the words in a compound adjective: “The five-volume Updates to a Few Common AP Style Practices. Education. to represent em-dashes, and using them freely in such places as blog-post URLs. AP changes guidance on the hyphen. The third baseman hit a [bases loaded / bases-loaded] triple in the ninth inning. Pore over possessives, hyphens, plurals and more The AP Stylebook Online has 997 words on possessives, 924 words on hyphens, 595 words on plurals and a veritable trove of alphabetized entries from ABCs and academic degrees to pingpong and peahens, plus a catalog of clarifications in the popular and occasionally witty “Ask the Editor” supplement. Get the Poynter newsletter that's right for you. AP Style Checking Tools, Plugins, and Apps. Hoarding hyphens remains an excellent strategy. If you have any unanswered questions or tips of your own to add, make sure to let us know in the comments section! Check out more of our GrammarSpot articles to learn about AP Style Basics. Other two-word terms, particularly those used as nouns, have evolved to be commonly recognized as, in effect, one word. Final Takeaways on When to Use a Colon in AP Style. Why? These guidelines include changes in 2019, most notably removal of the requirement to hyphenate most compound modifiers after versions of the verb to be. When a modifier that would be hyphenated before a noun occurs after the noun, but in a form of the verb “to be,” the hyphen must be retained in order to avoid any confusion: “The woman is well - known .” “The child is quick-witted.” It can be a matter of taste, judgment and style sense. When referencing a month, day and year, the year should be set off with commas. Do your best, but don’t worry overmuch about one or two misused hyphens; in the grand scheme of things, as long as the reader can understand what is being stated in the sentence, the information presented has served its purpose. Browse AP Stylebook products; AP Style Blog; AP Stylebook events; AP Stylebook news; Suggest a Stylebook change or addition; Ask the Editor: frequently asked style questions; Last seven days of Ask the Editor; Current Topical Guide; Bibliography; User Guide; Help Center Keeping all of this information straight can be a hassle (and this post only covers the majority of the most important elements to consider). Colon Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun or the start of a complete sentence. The answers follow in the last section of this book. Let’s talk more about using long and short dashes in AP style. 2. Write Hyphens Correctly in AP Style AP style dictates basic rules for grammar and punctuation, as well as specific styles for numbers, spelling, capitalization, abbreviations, acronyms, and … For PC users, hold the Alt key and type 0150. In general, use the APA Dictionary of Psychology and the Merriam-Webster dictionary to determine hyphenation. Most style guides, except AP Style, omit spaces before and after the en dash. Again, try to judge what is most clear and logical to the average reader. One example is first quarter touchdown. AP Style had a few helpful reminders on how years should be written. Often, arguments for or against a hyphen could be made either way. Watchdog Reporter The Providence Journal - Providence, 2021 Reporters’ Fellowships in Criminal Justice Journalism @ John Jay College - NY. In 2014, editors removed the beloved distinction between over and more than. Examples include third grade teacher, chocolate chip cookie, special effects embellishment, climate change report, public land management, real estate transaction, emergency room visit, cat food bowl, parking lot entrance, national security briefing, computer software maker. First off, just say “no” to en dashes when following the AP Stylebook. Chocolate is … bliss. According to The Chicago Manual of Style, hyphens are never used between the numeral and the abbreviation or symbol, even when they are in adjectival form. One example is first quarter touchdown. Again, if you keep in mind that AP style embraces brevity, this will be easy to remember. Support responsible news and fact-based information today! Words matter. Here are some worth checking out: AP Style Dates and Times (WordPress Plugin) The Inquirer’s efforts and experiences offer insights that may have value for other newsrooms striving to reflect the diversity of their communities. October 31, 2019 by ProofreadingPal in Uncategorized, ... • Use hyphens in phone numbers: 305-555-9685. It’s time for our next quarterly AP Style roundup. Based on feedback, the AP made some changes and clarifications to its guidance on hyphens. Her example: “Chocolate chip cookie” doesn’t need a hyphen. Just remember that specific numbers as in measurements and large quantities often require a figure. Specific tips from AP Stylebook include information on how to interpret scientific studies and new technology terms for e-cigarettes and other related terms. MC&FP Editorial Style Update Abbreviation/acronyms are acceptable on second reference. While the AP Stylebook admits that there is not necessarily a standard way to use them, and that most instances come own to personal style or taste, it does say the fewer hyphens the better. pic.twitter.com/8AJc0zCwJm, — AP Stylebook (@APStylebook) August 28, 2019, — Chris Frink (@chrisfrink) August 28, 2019, — Gendo Thiccari (@AnotherSpammer) August 28, 2019, — Brendan M. Lynch (@BrendanMLynch) August 29, 2019. On March 13 and April 16, @APStylebook held very popular chats covering commonly mixed-up words. “French-speaking people” does. 2. Do I capitalize months in AP Style? Do use a hyphen if it’s needed to make the meaning clear and avoid unintended meanings: small-business owner, better-qualified candidate, little-known song, French-speaking people, free-thinking philosophy, loose-knit group, low-income workers, never-published guidance, self-driving car, bases-loaded triple, one-way street (Think of the different possible meanings or confusion if the hyphen is removed in each of those examples.). COMPOUND MODIFIERS: When a compound modifier — two or more words that express a single concept — precedes a noun, you must decide: Hyphenate that modifier, or not? Multiple New York investigations are looking into his tax and financial filings, and his call to Georgia’s secretary of state has raised questions. The AP Stylebook is used broadly by other Universities for communication and news writing. The exceptions to the rules are often familiar examples that you needn’t try to remember. See COMPOUND MODIFIERS section for details. Write Measurements, Proper Names, and Organization Names Correctly in AP Style. Like my trusty dictionary to make sure I’ve got the best word, I don’t come to my writing desk without it. The story is a re-creation. — Lynne Sherwin (@LynneSherwin) August 28, 2019, — Poppa Health (@PoppaHealth) August 28, 2019. If the sheer number of hyphens in a phrase, or confusion about how to use them, can daunt either the writer or the reader, try rephrasing. See COMPOUND MODIFIERS section for details. For the complete hyphenation rules, see the Chicago Manual of Style. Most words with prefixes are written without a hyphen after the prefix in APA Style. ), take heart. Using what you’ve considered in this article, choose the correct answers concerning hyphens in the following sentences. Blended learning describes a combination of in-person and online schooling in K-12 and college classrooms. November 10, 2020, at 5:57 pm. Ex: ... By using this AP style 2020 Elections Topical guide, you can better ensure that you’re writing about the 2020 general election and AP style political terms correctly. AP Stylebook, 55th Edition (spiral-bound print) Published in 2020, the 55th edition of The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law includes more than 200 new or revised entries, with chapters covering data journalism, business, religion and sports terms, as well as media law, news values, punctuation, social media and polls and surveys, plus a new chapter on digital security for journalists. In the August uproar about hyphen changes, Kyle Koster offered some perspective on the changes for The Big Lead, which covers sports. Good news — this week's grab bag of resources for journalism educators also includes cat memes. When two or more compound modifiers have a common base, this base is sometimes omitted in all except the last modifier, but the hyphens are retained. Need help remembering this one? ), Other two-word terms, particularly those used as nouns, have evolved to be commonly recognized as, in effect, one word. We have seen what 2020 has done to the news cycle, spurring stories on everything from a global pandemic to the recent protests and unrest on race relations in this country. For the complete hyphenation rules, see the Chicago Manual of Style. Hyphens are joiners. The international style guide provided a sample sentence on its post: “COVID-19 is caused by a member of the coronavirus family that’s a close cousin to the SARS and MERS viruses that have caused outbreaks in the past.” Hyphen defenders (or is it hyphen-defenders? Associated Press style is to use dashes, not bullets, for lists that follow a colon. Spell out Exceptional Family Member Program on first reference, for example. Hyphens – AP views the use of hyphens (-) as “far from standardized” and a “matter of taste, judgment and style sense.” Hyphens are to be used as “joiners to avoid ambiguity or to form a single idea from two or more words.” AP says “fewer is better” and to “think of hyphens as an aid to readers’ comprehension.” Based on feedback, the AP made some changes and clarifications to its guidance on hyphens. The department prefers bullets, but punctuate them per AP style: After each bullet, capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each item. AP has always been hyphen-averse, preferring that a writer clarify the sentence for someone who does not understand the hyphen “rules.” The modification of the “rules” on hyphens, as Froke told the editors, came about because many people asked whether those hyphens were needed. Long- and short-term memory 2-, … Just think o… If a hyphen makes the meaning clearer, use it. Also: He recovered his health. They are planning a riot. The AP Stylebook holds that both seasons and their derivatives should be lowercase. . I love . RELATED TRAINING: Sweat this, not that: Real rules vs. grammar myths. Fortunately, there are several tools and plugins on the market that can help. The park is for recreation. Seasons AP Style. In AP Style, -ly words (mostly adverbs) and very don't get hyphens as compound modifiers. The Associated Press is reversing some of its March 2019 guidance on how we use the wedding band of the punctuation world. AP Style Rules for Holiday Lingo, Time Zones, and Supreme Court Terms Rocky Parker / December 9, 2020 We know journalists are busy, and it can be difficult to keep up with recent AP Stylebook changes. It’s a guide about how to use hyphens wisely, These guidelines include changes in 2019, most notably removal of the requirement to hyphenate most compound modifiers after versions of the verb. When two or more compound modifiers have a common base, this base is sometimes omitted in all except the last modifier, but the hyphens are retained. AP style guidelines for hyphen usage. When a modifier that would be hyphenated before a noun occurs after the noun, but in a form of the verb “to be,” the hyphen must be retained in order to avoid any confusion: “The woman is well - known .” “The child is quick-witted.” This means that spring, summer, fall, and winter should all be lowercase along with any words that are formed from them, such as springtime, summertime, etc. Many businesses and news outlets use the guidelines set out in the Associated Press Stylebook (also known as AP style). There are few elements of punctuation that cause as much dispute among Copy Editors as when to “properly” use a hyphen. AVOID AMBIGUITY: Use a hyphen whenever ambiguity would result if it were omitted. Per AP Style, the term defund the police should generally be avoided unless it’s part of a direct quote. Em dashes are fair game, however. “This is all probably small potatoes to the reader. Associated Press style is to use dashes, not bullets, for lists that follow a colon. In addition to adding the hyphen back into -quarter phrases, here are more clarifications and changes: AP Stylebook changes often spark outrage and celebration. AP style numbers are not difficult to master. Hyphens join words together and should be used to help form a single idea from two words or avoid ambiguity in your writing. Check the style guide you follow to determine whether or not you should include spaces. The most important principle in applying any style is Write Hyphens Correctly in AP Style 1995 was a very good year. © All Rights Reserved Poynter Institute 2021, Joe Biden’s press office mishandles first major controversy, An opportunity for some public service reporting: Obamacare signups begin today, The impeachment trial is over, but Donald Trump faces more investigations, Spotting news vs. opinion, Larry Flynt’s legacy and how FERPA went off the rails. We also have reminders on 2020 election terminology, health and fitness, and the #MeToo movement. Use them to avoid ambiguity or to form a single idea from two or more words. Not all hyphens are coming back. The Nuts and Bolts of the AP Style of Writing One of the first things a student in a beginning journalism courselearns about is Associated Press style or AP style for short. Long- and … AP style: The ellipsis has a space before and after the three period marks. Compound words may be written as two separate words (e.g., health care), one hyphenated word (e.g., self-esteem), or one solid word (e.g., caregiver). And please don’t misplace those apostrophes. For absolute accuracy, consult the latest edition of Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary . Every reputable news story has one thing in common: AP style. Do your best, but don’t worry overmuch about one or two misused hyphens; in the grand scheme of things, as long as the reader can understand what is being stated in the sentence, the information presented has served its purpose.
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